Navigating the Axiom and its Power Structures

Multiple films and literatures have facilitated the use of robots both as protagonists and antagonists. Isaac Asimov created the three laws of robotics and then wrote books like I, Robot where different machines interpret differently the three laws. The laws revolve around protecting the welfare of humanity, and serving it. A "discursive formation is the way meanings are connected together in a particular discourse" (Rose 142). The discourse created in films about robots and humanity interacting explores the paranoia coexisting when humanity allows artificially created intelligence or AI to take control of certain power structures, like databases or military computers. Asimov's antagonist in I, Robot is the central computer V.I.K.I. (Figure 1,) who seeks to control humanity with robots to keep them safe. In Stanley Kubrick's 2001 Space Odyssey, the computer HAL 9000 (Figure 2) hijacks the ship and seeks to destroy the human error present in the mission. In Eagle Eye, Aria (Figure 3), the Department of Defense's computer, thinks the Executive Branch of the United States Government is a threat to humanity, and must be destroyed to preserve the greater good. In Wall-e, Auto (Figure 4,) the ship's auto-pilot system does not allow the surviving human race to return to Earth because it believes it too dangerous and impossible to keep them alive. In all of these cases, Asimov's three laws come into effect and "foreground the ethical in the delineation of the machine" (Roberts 159). All of the examples I gave represent the potentially negative effects of a machine trying to determine the ethical in humanity.

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4

The iconographic images of all these representations even simulate one another as androgynous, completely devoid of human empathy. Auto, in Wall-e, is visually constructed to closely resemble the HAL machine in 2001: Space Odyssey. Even the way these two machines are finally defeated are more or less the same. This discourse about these robots taking control has created a "power...produc[ing] the world as it understands it" (Rose 143). In this case, the discourse is one of resistance, one where the spectator is meant to see the potential threat in the power structures created in these robots and then not allowing it to happen. All of these representations of robot control establish a certain narrative of "cultural paranoia...that make up a dominant reality empowered by virtue of the connections to be made between materiality...and the fictional representations or transformations of that materiality which come to affects its constitution" (O'Donnell 182). What we learn from these power structures or in this case, these computers taking over, is that they delve deeply into discourse analysis II, where the "technologies of surveillance" turn the entire world (or ship) into a "panopticon" where everyone becomes observed and becomes the prisoner under constant scrutiny. Those under this constant scrutiny always "self-disciplining" for fear of being seen as acting against the power structure and then potentially being punished - thus proving "'visibility' [has become] a trap'" (Rose 174). The Axiom is the "institutional apparatus" housing the "institutional technologies" implemented by Auto to maintain order over robots and humans alike (Rose 174). The ship itself is the architecture of that apparatus while the video surveillance is the technology implemented to control everything, along with the glowing lines on the ground and the actual robot prison cells for those robots who have malfunctioned and been deemed unfit to participate in the Axiom's hegemonic practices. Wall-e, only because he was unaware of the power structures in effect on the Axiom and the consequences of breaking the rules, was easily able to maneuver throughout the ship - eventually leading to the reassertion of human control and the demise of Auto's hegemonic practices. Wall-e never followed the glowing lines, he destroyed the prison cells and with the help of Eve he avoided the surveillance of the ship. Of course, we were able to see the effects of Wall-e's resistance to the power structure. Labeled a "rogue robot" along with Eve, they were pursued by the ship's hegemonic forces and only escaped complete destruction because they removed the entire power structure in place.
Still, this was not done without a price, and Wall-e suffered near humanistic erasure because he resisted Auto's power structure. In the end though , the violence inflicted upon Wall-e illustrates something import about resisting power structures, there is the potential for pain and destruction, regardless how noble the resistance may be. So, there it is, the visuality in the film Wall-e, or at least a portion of it. The subjects I touched on deserve volumes in order to make complete sense of their significance on the developing minds this film was intended for. Wall-e cycles through everything from semiotics to psychoanalysis to both types of discourse analysis. Throughout some of this I had talked about the audience and the intended position for the audience, but there is much I did not explain about audiencing for a film of this visual magnitude. Just know that Wall-e opened doors for animation and cinematography. It gave us perspective on how a science fiction romantic comedy for children can have so much impact on the ongoing discourse about human advancement and the preservation of the positive human condition.

Check out the Bibliography for my sources, or see all of the images I pulled from the movie in the Gallery. Otherwise feel free to re-explore any of particular page using the site map below.

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